Glossary
The terms used on this site, in plain words.
Checked on
- Apostille
- A certificate that confirms an Indian public document, such as a degree or police certificate, for use in another country. Czechia, for example, asks for apostilled Indian public documents. Czechia
- EU Blue Card
- A work and residence permit for highly qualified people with a well-paid job offer. Each EU country sets its own salary floor. Blue Card guide
- Certificate of Eligibility (COE)
- A certificate Japan’s immigration authorities issue before you apply for a long-term Japanese visa. Your employer, or a proxy it authorises, applies for it in Japan. There is no fee, and the standard processing time is one to three months. Japan process
- D visa (national long-stay visa)
- A visa issued by one country for a stay longer than 90 days, for example to work. It is different from a Schengen short-stay visa, which does not allow work. Schengen visas
- D/AM1 and D/AM2
- Romania’s long-stay work visas: D/AM1 for highly qualified and special categories, D/AM2 for shortage occupations. D/AM2 applications have been paused since 11 September 2026. Romania
- Demand letter and power of attorney
- Documents in which a foreign employer asks a recruiting agent to recruit for named jobs and authorises it to act. Indian rules require the agent to keep them; we publish a vacancy only when we hold both. Vacancies
- e-Konsulat
- Poland’s online system for visa applications. For work visas in India, appointment dates are given by an electronic draw after you register. Poland process
- ECR and ECNR
- Indian passport categories. ECR (Emigration Check Required) holders need emigration clearance for jobs in 19 listed countries; ECNR holders do not. None of the countries on this site is on that list. ECR explained
- eMigrate
- The Government of India’s emigration portal. It lists registered recruiting agents, so you can check any agent there. Verify an agent
- Employee Card (Czechia)
- Czechia’s combined work and residence permit. In New Delhi it can be applied for only through government programmes. Czechia
- Hello Verify
- The document-verification step Latvia requires for applicants in India, Nepal and Sri Lanka before VFS gives a D-visa appointment. Latvia
- JFT-Basic and JLPT
- Japanese language tests. Japan’s Specified Skilled Worker (i) visa needs one of them: JFT-Basic, or the JLPT at level N4. Both have been held in several Indian cities. Japan
- Labour market test
- A check that no local or EU worker is available before a foreign worker is hired. Some countries require it (for example Bulgaria and Latvia); Poland abolished it on 1 June 2025.
- MADAD
- The Ministry of External Affairs’ portal for consular help when you are abroad. Complaints and help
- MIGRIS
- Lithuania’s online migration system. Appointments at VFS in India are booked through it. Lithuania
- MVD invitation (Russia)
- The invitation a Russian employer gets from Russia’s Interior Ministry (MVD) so that a foreign worker can apply for a work visa. The employer first needs a place in the annual quota and permission to hire foreign workers. Russia process
- PBSK (Pravasi Bharatiya Sahayata Kendra)
- The Government of India helpline for emigrants: 1800 11 3090, toll-free, 24 hours a day. Complaints and help
- Police clearance certificate (PCC)
- A certificate of your police record. For Czechia, Indian applicants get it from the Passport Office.
- Recruiting agent (RA) licence
- Registration with India’s Ministry of External Affairs under the Emigration Act, 1983. Only registered agents may recruit in India for jobs abroad. How to check an agent
- Residence card (karta pobytu and similar)
- The card you collect in the country once your residence permit is granted. In Poland it is called karta pobytu.
- Single permit
- A combined residence and work permit, issued in one procedure. Several of the EU countries we cover use one, for example Poland, Slovakia, Bulgaria and Croatia.
- Specified Skilled Worker (SSW)
- Japan’s work visa for skilled jobs in listed fields. SSW (i) covers 16 fields, needs a skills test and a Japanese test, and allows up to five years in total. SSW (ii) is for more experienced workers in 11 fields and can be renewed. Japan
- Type A work permit (Poland)
- The usual Polish work permit for someone hired by an employer in Poland. The employer applies online on praca.gov.pl. Poland
- VFS Global and BLS International
- Private companies that collect visa applications, documents and biometrics for some embassies. They do not decide applications, and their optional services do not change the decision.
- WorkinRomania
- Romania’s online platform, since 27 April 2026, where employers file single applications for foreign workers. Romania